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Urban Studies
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Job Access, Employment and Earnings: Outcomes for Welfare Leavers in a US Urban Labour Market

Neil Bania

Department of Planning, Public Policy and Management, University of Oregon, 1209 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1209, USA, bania{at}uoregon.edu

Laura Leete

Department of Planning, Public Policy and Management, University of Oregon, 1209 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1209, USA, leete{at}uoregon.edu

Claudia Coulton

Center on Urban Poverty and Community Development, Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, OH 44106-7164, USA, claudia.coulton{at}case.edu

This article examines the effect of job access on employment outcomes for welfare recipients in Cleveland, Ohio, leaving assistance during 1998—2000. A rich longitudinal dataset is employed, combining administrative and survey data with multiple measures of access to and competition for jobs. The focus is on both a population and a range of measures of employment outcomes not previously studied in this context. Empirical ambiguity in the existing literature has resulted from the difficulty of modelling causality when employment and residential location are jointly determined. In this study, labour market outcomes are related to the residential locations of welfare leavers prior to employment, thus overcoming much potential endogeneity. Virtually no evidence is found that job access influences labour market outcomes for this population.

Urban Studies, Vol. 45, No. 11, 2179-2202 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0042098008095864
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