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Three Challenges for the Compact City as a Sustainable Urban Form: Household Consumption of Energy and Transport in Eight Residential Areas in the Greater Oslo Region

Western Norway Research Institute, PO Box 163, 6851 Sognal, Norway, erling.holden{at}vestforsk.no

Ingrid T. Norland

Programme for Research and Documentation for a Sustainable Society (ProSus), Centre for Development and the Environment, University of Oslo, PO Box 1116, Blindem, 0317 Oslo, Norway, i.t.norland{at}prosus.uio.no

The results of a recent survey conducted in eight residential areas in the Greater Oslo Region support the hypothesis that there is a connection between land use characteristics and household consumption of energy and transport. Findings from the survey also lend great support to the compact city as a sustainable urban form. However, three distinct findings indicate that decentralised concentration could lead to even lower energy use in households: while the extent of everyday travel decreases in densely populated areas, the central urban areas represent the highest level of leisure-time travel by plane; the access to a private garden limits the extent of leisure travel; and, the difference in energy use for housing between single-family and multifamily housing is reduced in housing built after 1980, indicating that the established conclusions on the most energy-efficient housing should be questioned.

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