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Urban Air Quality and Health in China

Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA, peng{at}alumni.princeton edu

Xiaodong Wu

Department of Economics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gardner Hall 304, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3305, USA, wux{at}email.unc.edu.

Gordon Liu

Department of Pharmaceutical Policy and Evaluation Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Beard Hall 205, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-0001, USA, ggliu{at}unc.edu

Todd Johnson

Environment Department, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC20433, USA, tjohnson{at}worldbank.org

Jitendra Shah

Environment and Social Development Section, East Asia and Pacific Region, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, jshah@ worldbank.org

Sarath Guttikunda

Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, 204 Iowa Advanced Technology labouratories, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1000, USA, sguttiku{at}cgrer.uiowa.edu

Urban air pollution is one of the most visible environmental problems in China. In this paper, we use emission inventory data to assess the air quality and health effects in the Chinese city of Shijiazhuang. A spatial model is developed to identify the sources of emissions and to estimate population exposure to high ambient concentrations. Dose-response functions are used to quantify the impact on human health. Our results show significant health costs associated with Shijiazhuang's high concentration of sulphate, a fine particulate matter originating mainly from coal consumption. Policy implications are explored by evaluating alternative pollution control options. The use of cleaner coal is found to be the most cost effective in improving urban air quality and reducing human exposure.

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