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The Distribution of Housing Tax-expenditures and Subsidies in an Urban Area

Institute for Local Government Studies, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15, 2TT UK

Alex Marsh

Centre for Urban and Regional Studies, University of Birmingham, UK

This paper examines the distribution of housing tax-expenditures and subsidies among households in the owner-occupied and public-rented sectors in the Birmingham area, UK. Subsidies to tenants are defined as the difference between market rents and the rents actually set. Tax-expenditures to owner-occupiers are defined as the absence of tax on imputed rental income and capital gains. The results presented indicate that tax-expenditures tend to be more regressively distributed than subsidies to tenants arising from non-market pricing. The benefits from the latter are more dependent on a household's location and property type than on income. The paper concludes that efficiency and equity objectives are not met by the current housing finance system.

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